AI, Data Science, & Programming for Small Business Applications & Large Enterprises › Forums › Web Development › HarvardX: CS50W – CS50’s Web Programming with Python and JavaScript › CS50W – Lecture 0 – HTML and CSS › Understanding the universal selector and font family application in CSS
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July 8, 2024 at 9:57 am #2961
How is the font determined for this CSS and the role of body selector
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inweb_designSource ChatGPT:
Sure! The CSS rule* { font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; }
uses the universal selector*
to apply the specified font family to all elements on the web page. Let’s break down this rule in detail:Universal Selector:
*
The universal selector is represented by an asterisk
*
. It matches every element on the web page, meaning that any styling rules applied with the universal selector will be applied to all HTML elements, unless overridden by more specific rules later in the stylesheet.Property:
font-family
The
font-family
property in CSS specifies the typeface that should be used for the text within the selected elements. In this case, you are setting thefont-family
to “Comic Sans MS”, which is a playful, informal font.Application
Here’s a step-by-step explanation of what happens when you use the universal selector with the
font-family
property:- Selection of Elements: The universal selector
*
selects all elements on the web page. This includes everything from the<body>
element to<div>
,<span>
,<p>
,<h1>
,<a>
, and every other HTML element. -
Font Application: The
font-family: "Comic Sans MS";
rule is applied to each of these selected elements. This means that the text within every element on the page will be displayed using the “Comic Sans MS” font, unless a more specific rule overrides this setting.
Specificity and Overriding
CSS rules can be overridden by more specific selectors. For example:
* { font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; } body { font-family: "Courier New"; }
In this example, the
body
element will use “Courier New” instead of “Comic Sans MS” because thebody
selector is more specific than the universal selector. However, all other elements will still use “Comic Sans MS”.Inheritance
Some CSS properties, like
font-family
, are inherited by child elements from their parent elements. This means that if you set afont-family
on the<body>
, all child elements within the body will inherit that font unless they have their ownfont-family
rule.For example:
* { font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; } body { font-family: "Courier New"; } p { font-family: "Arial"; }
- The
body
will use “Courier New”. - All elements within the body will inherit “Courier New”, except
<p>
elements, which will use “Arial”. - All other elements not specifically styled (e.g.,
<div>
,<h1>
, etc.) will use “Courier New” because they inherit it from the body.
Practical Implications
Using the universal selector with
font-family
is a quick way to set a default font for your entire web page. However, it’s often better to set default styles on thebody
element and use more specific selectors as needed for better control and to avoid potential issues with specificity and overriding.Example of setting a default font more appropriately:
body { font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; }
This approach ensures that all text on the page uses “Comic Sans MS” by default, but allows for more specific overrides when necessary.
- Selection of Elements: The universal selector
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